The YWCA started in England in 1855, arising from women’s initiatives during the Crimean War. The YWCA of Dunedin, the first in the southern hemisphere, was soon followed by Christchurch and Auckland. Its Christian focus was translated into social action. For instance, migrant ships were met, and young women who were working in the emerging towns were offered Bible studies, recreational activities, social clubs, good meals, and cheap, clean accommodation. As the movement grew, the YWCA provided opportunities for women in town and country to gain confidence and skills and assume leadership responsibilities.